XServer on Windows 10

Recently upgrade to 64 bits windows 10.

Tried Cywin startxwin but not working, which was working on my 32bits windows7.

Luckily, MobaXterm still works well.

The other software in my mind is XMing. The installation is smooth. One thing to note is that I need to choose "No access control" as shown below (after click the XLaunch), which I guess this is the same effect to command "xhost + &"  of startxwin.

For MobaXterm, for those X11 forwarding is disabled on the SSH server end, we'll  need to export DISPLAY explicitly, After that, it works perfect.

Migrate Centos 5.11 in my dual boot system

2nd round to migrate this CentOS after I bought a 3TB HDD, on top of one 120GB SSD, one 1TB and one 2TB HDD.  Now I want to decommission the 1TB HDD to save energy.

First round the CentOS5 was migrated to the new HDD 3TB,but failed to boot even I re-generate its UUID. After one week's think and research, finally I found that my motherboard doesn't have UEFI support.  The error message is like below.

So the solution is to migrate it to the 2TB HDD.  The steps are simple.

1. create new partition for / and swap.
2. Use gparted to copy the partition from 1TB HDD to the 2TB HDD partition /dev/sdb2 as shown below.

Before the copy, I gave beautiful label to the partition /dev/sdb2 (CentOS5_Root) and /dev/dba5 (CentOS5_Swap). In fact, these two labels will create new problem for me.

3. regenerate UUID for /dev/sdb2

4. I use GURB2 of ubuntu 15.04 as boot loader installed in SSD, so after copy centos5 I don't need to take care of the grub on this disk /dev/sdb .  Was a doubt in my mind.  To recognize the centos5 in /dev/sdb2, just issue sudo update-grub2
in Ubuntu, after which I see the /dev/sdb2 entry in the boot menu.

However, because I changed the two partition's LABEL and I didn't remember Volume Group was created in CentOS, caused I hit subsequent errors and spent me another two hours in the midnight.

mount: could not find filesystem '/dev/root'

Notice here not able to find root location /dev/root. As original "LABEL=/" is updated to Ubuntu grub.cfg. This seems Ubuntu grub doesn't know the LABEL being created in gparted.


After I updated root to use "LABEL=/CentOS5_Root", the booting process moved one step further.

This time, I learned faster and revert the two partitions' LABEL to original value.  And finally it brings me the clean GUI.

References:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1786292
https://frankfzw.wordpress.com/2014/12/23/migrate-ubuntu-14-04-from-hdd-to-ssd/
http://frugaltech.happystoic.com/ssdlinux
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UsingUUID
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MovingLinuxPartition
https://www.centos.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=11207
https://theguyonthe3rdfloor.wordpress.com/2013/02/28/how-to-install-grub-2/

few issues with Centos 7.1 installation and BIOS upgrade

1. failed to boot from USB for installation.

followed dd command in https://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/InstallFromUSBkey to create a bootable thumdrive without error, but the USB thumdrive is not detected in the BIOS.  My motherboard is GA-P55A-UD3. So the easier way for me is to burn the ISO to a DVD disc.

[ Added Later on ] during BIOS upgrade from version F10 to F11 , I found out the USB thumdrive was not detected due to the extendible USB cable was plugged into USB3.0 port. When I changed to USB2.0 port, my thumdrive is back.

2. I have two hard disks : 2TB and 3TB. Attempted to install on the newly bought 3TB hard disk. Remembered hit kind of internal error.  So I decided to install it on the 2TB hard disk.

3. This time round, I choose the software set GNOME-Desktop instead of default minimal installation, which gave me no network, no GUI. That was troublesome.

4. When I install the centos 7.1, the SATA control mode is ACHI. I had Ubuntu 15.04 and CentOS5.11 installed in this computer.  The installation finally completed successfuly.  And luckily, it didn't touch the GURB2 bootloader of my existing Ubuntu's.



5. However when I boot centos7.1, it panic at "no floppy controller found" and failed to show the GUI. I had no floppy driver and it is shown None in BIOS.

 6. Luckily, when I change the SATA controller mode to IDE. The centos7.1 finally boots up. That's is the workaround for the time being.  Ubuntu 15.04 will be still the main workstation.

[ Added Later on ] After BIOS upgrade from version F10 to F11, this issue is gone too. Worth it the upgrade.  I can stay with ACHI finally.


By upgrading the BIOS, I also gained the stability of Memory, to let my 4x4GB pieces of memory to run at 1600Mhz, and overclocking the CPU from 2.8Ghz to higher frequency @ 3.2GHz.  In Ubuntu, tools like hddtemp, sensors, psensor can tell the temperature inside.
cat /proc/cpuinfo helps to tell CPU speed.

This is article introduce rufus and helped to create a bootable MS-DOS in USB drive. In fact, I don't need it. It only after BIOS upgrade, I found there is Q-flash can do the upgrade without needing to boot into any OS.

memory bandwith test

I had 2GB x4 memory in my desktop, however recently one of them failed to pass memtest.  Left three 2GB memory can be used temporarily, so I am wondering what exactly DUAL channel memory make sense.

Below are number I tested with mbw .

About mbw

mbw(1)                                                                         General Commands Manual                                                                         mbw(1)

NAME
       mbw - Memory BandWidth benchmark

SYNOPSIS
       mbw [options] arraysize_in_MiB

DESCRIPTION
       mbw determines available memory bandwidth by copying large arrays of data in memory.


The combinations

2GB+2GB DUAL CHANNEL

hmc@hmc-P55A-UD3:~$ mbw 1024
Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*134217728 elements = 2147483648 bytes of memory.
Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test.
Getting down to business... Doing 10 runs per test.
0 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.25170 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 4068.416 MiB/s
1 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.26332 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3888.804 MiB/s
2 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.26424 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3875.294 MiB/s
3 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.28211 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3629.841 MiB/s
4 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.27033 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3787.907 MiB/s
5 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.26815 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3818.801 MiB/s
6 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.27420 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3734.446 MiB/s
7 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.26919 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3803.990 MiB/s
8 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.27002 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3792.326 MiB/s
9 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.27435 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3732.472 MiB/s
AVG Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.26876 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 3810.087 MiB/s
0 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.16932 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6047.863 MiB/s
1 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.16700 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6131.626 MiB/s
2 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.16870 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6070.019 MiB/s
3 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.16806 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6093.135 MiB/s
4 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.16730 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6120.851 MiB/s
5 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.16778 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6103.230 MiB/s
6 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.16818 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6088.606 MiB/s
7 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.16698 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6132.398 MiB/s
8 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.16601 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6168.266 MiB/s
9 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.16980 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6030.731 MiB/s
AVG Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.16791 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 6098.414 MiB/s
0 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.21192 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 4831.944 MiB/s
1 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.17160 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5967.227 MiB/s
2 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.17416 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5879.617 MiB/s
3 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.17381 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5891.559 MiB/s
4 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.17415 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5880.124 MiB/s
5 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.17529 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5841.781 MiB/s
6 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.17485 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5856.515 MiB/s
7 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.17552 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5833.960 MiB/s
8 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.17847 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5737.627 MiB/s
9 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.17409 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5881.846 MiB/s
AVG Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.17839 MiB: 1024.00000 Copy: 5740.332 MiB/s
hmc@hmc-P55A-UD3:~$ mbw 512
Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*67108864 elements = 1073741824 bytes of memory.
Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test.
Getting down to business... Doing 10 runs per test.
0 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.12873 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 3977.348 MiB/s
1 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.12578 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 4070.729 MiB/s
2 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.12749 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 4015.938 MiB/s
3 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.12885 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 3973.644 MiB/s
4 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.12719 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 4025.505 MiB/s
5 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.12878 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 3975.680 MiB/s
6 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.12947 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 3954.554 MiB/s
7 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.12625 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 4055.317 MiB/s
8 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.12857 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 3982.174 MiB/s
9 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.12934 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 3958.589 MiB/s
AVG Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.12805 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 3998.579 MiB/s
0 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.08313 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 6159.102 MiB/s
1 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.08282 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 6182.380 MiB/s
2 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.08241 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 6212.612 MiB/s
3 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.08278 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 6184.994 MiB/s
4 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.08298 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 6170.236 MiB/s
5 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.08273 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 6188.583 MiB/s
6 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.08374 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 6114.163 MiB/s
7 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.08243 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 6211.482 MiB/s
8 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.08273 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 6189.181 MiB/s
9 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.08272 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 6189.331 MiB/s
AVG Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.08285 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 6180.089 MiB/s
0 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.08727 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 5866.917 MiB/s
1 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.08827 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 5800.385 MiB/s
2 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.08897 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 5754.749 MiB/s
3 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.08819 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 5805.713 MiB/s
4 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.08797 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 5819.901 MiB/s
5 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.08767 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 5839.816 MiB/s
6 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.08864 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 5775.978 MiB/s
7 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.08828 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 5799.728 MiB/s
8 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.08821 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 5804.199 MiB/s
9 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.08842 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 5790.480 MiB/s
AVG Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.08819 MiB: 512.00000 Copy: 5805.634 MiB/s
hmc@hmc-P55A-UD3:~$ mbw 256
Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*33554432 elements = 536870912 bytes of memory.
Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test.
Getting down to business... Doing 10 runs per test.
0 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.06817 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 3755.373 MiB/s
1 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.06396 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 4002.314 MiB/s
2 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.06331 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 4043.276 MiB/s
3 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.06520 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 3926.140 MiB/s
4 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.06455 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 3966.102 MiB/s
5 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.06359 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 4025.790 MiB/s
6 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.06506 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 3935.071 MiB/s
7 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.06506 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 3934.648 MiB/s
8 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.06614 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 3870.343 MiB/s
9 Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.06316 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 4053.327 MiB/s
AVG Method: MEMCPY Elapsed: 0.06482 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 3949.343 MiB/s
0 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.04194 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6104.540 MiB/s
1 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.04206 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6085.964 MiB/s
2 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.04207 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6084.807 MiB/s
3 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.04221 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6064.914 MiB/s
4 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.04204 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6090.018 MiB/s
5 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.04180 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6124.841 MiB/s
6 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.04184 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6117.962 MiB/s
7 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.04221 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6065.057 MiB/s
8 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.04243 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6033.609 MiB/s
9 Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.04193 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6105.268 MiB/s
AVG Method: DUMB Elapsed: 0.04205 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6087.585 MiB/s
0 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04232 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6049.149 MiB/s
1 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04271 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 5993.351 MiB/s
2 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04250 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6023.813 MiB/s
3 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04296 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 5959.170 MiB/s
4 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04243 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6032.898 MiB/s
5 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04251 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6021.546 MiB/s
6 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04216 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6071.818 MiB/s
7 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04288 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 5970.288 MiB/s
8 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04289 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 5968.757 MiB/s
9 Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04272 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 5992.790 MiB/s
AVG Method: MCBLOCK Elapsed: 0.04261 MiB: 256.00000 Copy: 6008.149 MiB/s


2GB +2GB non dual channel

hmc@hmc-P55A-UD3:~$ mbw 1024
Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*134217728 elements = 2147483648 bytes of memory.
Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test.
Getting down to business... Doing 10 runs per test.
0     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.42441     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 2412.750 MiB/s
1     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.42094     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 2432.674 MiB/s
2     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.41692     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 2456.095 MiB/s
3     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.41926     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 2442.410 MiB/s
4     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.41979     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 2439.315 MiB/s
5     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.41942     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 2441.490 MiB/s
6     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.42052     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 2435.051 MiB/s
7     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.42470     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 2411.085 MiB/s
8     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.42207     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 2426.167 MiB/s
9     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.42684     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 2398.997 MiB/s
AVG     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.42149     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 2429.491 MiB/s
0     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.25677     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3987.958 MiB/s
1     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.25691     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3985.847 MiB/s
2     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.25899     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3953.760 MiB/s
3     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.25449     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 4023.734 MiB/s
4     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.25552     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 4007.483 MiB/s
5     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.25518     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 4012.822 MiB/s
6     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.25545     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 4008.659 MiB/s
7     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.25473     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 4019.911 MiB/s
8     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.25240     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 4057.052 MiB/s
9     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.24977     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 4099.837 MiB/s
AVG     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.25502     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 4015.348 MiB/s
0     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.28630     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3576.730 MiB/s
1     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.28747     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3562.061 MiB/s
2     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.29100     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3518.961 MiB/s
3     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.29045     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3525.576 MiB/s
4     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.28885     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3545.080 MiB/s
5     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.29142     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3513.877 MiB/s
6     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.28991     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3532.192 MiB/s
7     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.28529     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3589.330 MiB/s
8     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.28598     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3580.607 MiB/s
9     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.28637     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3575.794 MiB/s
AVG     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.28830     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3551.819 MiB/s
hmc@hmc-P55A-UD3:~$ mbw 512
Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*67108864 elements = 1073741824 bytes of memory.
Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test.
Getting down to business... Doing 10 runs per test.
0     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.19148     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 2673.853 MiB/s
1     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.18887     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 2710.917 MiB/s
2     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.18966     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 2699.511 MiB/s
3     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.18839     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 2717.723 MiB/s
4     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.18804     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 2722.839 MiB/s
5     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.18984     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 2696.951 MiB/s
6     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.18917     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 2706.575 MiB/s
7     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.18858     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 2714.985 MiB/s
8     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.18881     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 2711.735 MiB/s
9     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.18876     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 2712.482 MiB/s
AVG     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.18916     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 2706.692 MiB/s
0     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.11565     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 4427.227 MiB/s
1     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.11709     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 4372.630 MiB/s
2     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.11617     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 4407.372 MiB/s
3     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.11625     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 4404.263 MiB/s
4     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.11619     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 4406.651 MiB/s
5     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.11740     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 4361.047 MiB/s
6     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.11601     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 4413.451 MiB/s
7     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.11605     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 4411.777 MiB/s
8     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.11601     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 4413.299 MiB/s
9     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.11729     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 4365.435 MiB/s
AVG     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.11641     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 4398.206 MiB/s
0     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.12970     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3947.663 MiB/s
1     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.13012     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3934.860 MiB/s
2     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.13027     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3930.419 MiB/s
3     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.13131     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3899.140 MiB/s
4     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.12970     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3947.480 MiB/s
5     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.12947     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3954.645 MiB/s
6     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.13021     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3931.959 MiB/s
7     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.13152     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3892.944 MiB/s
8     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.13052     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3922.710 MiB/s
9     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.13055     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3921.869 MiB/s
AVG     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.13034     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3928.275 MiB/s
hmc@hmc-P55A-UD3:~$ mbw 256
Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*33554432 elements = 536870912 bytes of memory.
Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test.
Getting down to business... Doing 10 runs per test.
0     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.09508     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 2692.611 MiB/s
1     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.09609     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 2664.086 MiB/s
2     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.09655     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 2651.448 MiB/s
3     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.09687     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 2642.635 MiB/s
4     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.09707     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 2637.163 MiB/s
5     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.11169     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 2292.099 MiB/s
6     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.11025     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 2322.038 MiB/s
7     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.11284     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 2268.619 MiB/s
8     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.10727     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 2386.568 MiB/s
9     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.10817     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 2366.667 MiB/s
AVG     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.10319     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 2480.904 MiB/s
0     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.06330     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 4044.298 MiB/s
1     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.06149     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 4163.482 MiB/s
2     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.06126     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 4178.978 MiB/s
3     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.06130     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 4176.046 MiB/s
4     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.06057     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 4226.515 MiB/s
5     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.05994     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 4271.009 MiB/s
6     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.06348     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 4032.703 MiB/s
7     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.06033     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 4243.117 MiB/s
8     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.06389     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 4006.761 MiB/s
9     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.06376     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 4015.371 MiB/s
AVG     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.06193     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 4133.586 MiB/s
0     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.07098     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3606.701 MiB/s
1     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.07154     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3578.468 MiB/s
2     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.07568     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3382.709 MiB/s
3     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.07848     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3261.894 MiB/s
4     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.07390     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3463.906 MiB/s
5     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.07406     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3456.657 MiB/s
6     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.07167     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3572.176 MiB/s
7     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.07113     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3599.095 MiB/s
8     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.07047     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3632.545 MiB/s
9     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.07082     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3614.747 MiB/s
AVG     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.07287     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3512.946 MiB/s

6GB = 2GB +2GB (dual channel) + 2GB (STANDALONE)

hmc@hmc-P55A-UD3:~$ mbw 1024
Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*134217728 elements = 2147483648 bytes of memory.
Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test.
Getting down to business... Doing 10 runs per test.
0     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.27084     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3780.886 MiB/s
1     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.26853     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3813.340 MiB/s
2     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.26685     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3837.304 MiB/s
3     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.26641     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3843.642 MiB/s
4     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.27048     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3785.834 MiB/s
5     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.26700     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3835.134 MiB/s
6     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.27118     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3776.104 MiB/s
7     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.27515     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3721.606 MiB/s
8     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.27256     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3756.957 MiB/s
9     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.26711     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3833.584 MiB/s
AVG     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.26961     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 3798.043 MiB/s
0     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.16116     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 6354.092 MiB/s
1     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.16050     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 6379.943 MiB/s
2     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.16118     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 6353.224 MiB/s
3     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.16137     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 6345.862 MiB/s
4     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.16034     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 6386.628 MiB/s
5     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.16053     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 6378.830 MiB/s
6     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.16184     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 6327.198 MiB/s
7     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.16127     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 6349.679 MiB/s
8     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.16116     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 6354.052 MiB/s
9     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.16107     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 6357.682 MiB/s
AVG     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.16104     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 6358.673 MiB/s
0     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.18362     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 5576.735 MiB/s
1     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.18377     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 5572.213 MiB/s
2     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.18396     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 5566.427 MiB/s
3     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.18418     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 5559.778 MiB/s
4     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.18490     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 5538.219 MiB/s
5     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.18587     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 5509.108 MiB/s
6     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.18397     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 5566.034 MiB/s
7     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.18440     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 5553.085 MiB/s
8     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.18420     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 5559.175 MiB/s
9     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.18551     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 5519.978 MiB/s
AVG     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.18444     MiB: 1024.00000     Copy: 5551.992 MiB/s
hmc@hmc-P55A-UD3:~$ mbw 512
Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*67108864 elements = 1073741824 bytes of memory.
Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test.
Getting down to business... Doing 10 runs per test.
0     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.13962     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3667.070 MiB/s
1     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.13900     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3683.533 MiB/s
2     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.13892     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3685.627 MiB/s
3     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.13958     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3668.121 MiB/s
4     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.13903     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3682.605 MiB/s
5     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.14128     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3623.983 MiB/s
6     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.14006     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3655.628 MiB/s
7     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.14008     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3655.002 MiB/s
8     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.13891     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3685.760 MiB/s
9     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.13932     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3674.993 MiB/s
AVG     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.13958     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 3668.139 MiB/s
0     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.08039     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 6369.031 MiB/s
1     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.08131     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 6296.501 MiB/s
2     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.08040     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 6368.159 MiB/s
3     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.08054     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 6357.326 MiB/s
4     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.08120     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 6305.263 MiB/s
5     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.08048     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 6362.145 MiB/s
6     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.08099     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 6321.846 MiB/s
7     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.08118     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 6307.050 MiB/s
8     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.08055     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 6356.064 MiB/s
9     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.08066     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 6347.632 MiB/s
AVG     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.08077     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 6338.987 MiB/s
0     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.09177     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 5579.226 MiB/s
1     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.09209     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 5560.080 MiB/s
2     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.09215     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 5556.400 MiB/s
3     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.09302     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 5504.429 MiB/s
4     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.09206     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 5561.409 MiB/s
5     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.09246     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 5537.470 MiB/s
6     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.09254     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 5532.503 MiB/s
7     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.09258     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 5530.292 MiB/s
8     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.09275     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 5520.037 MiB/s
9     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.09251     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 5534.477 MiB/s
AVG     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.09239     MiB: 512.00000     Copy: 5541.551 MiB/s
hmc@hmc-P55A-UD3:~$ mbw 256
Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*33554432 elements = 536870912 bytes of memory.
Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test.
Getting down to business... Doing 10 runs per test.
0     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.07053     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3629.713 MiB/s
1     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.07003     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3655.733 MiB/s
2     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.07104     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3603.807 MiB/s
3     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.07064     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3624.163 MiB/s
4     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.06991     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3661.694 MiB/s
5     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.07098     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3606.701 MiB/s
6     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.07023     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3644.958 MiB/s
7     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.07012     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3650.832 MiB/s
8     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.06997     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3658.815 MiB/s
9     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.07008     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3653.020 MiB/s
AVG     Method: MEMCPY     Elapsed: 0.07035     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 3638.829 MiB/s
0     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.03986     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 6422.156 MiB/s
1     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.03988     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 6419.902 MiB/s
2     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.03997     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 6405.124 MiB/s
3     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.03986     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 6422.801 MiB/s
4     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.04007     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 6388.979 MiB/s
5     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.03980     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 6431.676 MiB/s
6     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.04020     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 6368.793 MiB/s
7     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.04051     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 6319.115 MiB/s
8     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.04023     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 6362.620 MiB/s
9     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.04010     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 6384.677 MiB/s
AVG     Method: DUMB     Elapsed: 0.04005     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 6392.409 MiB/s
0     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.04671     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 5480.273 MiB/s
1     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.04701     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 5445.302 MiB/s
2     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.04679     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 5471.488 MiB/s
3     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.04615     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 5547.490 MiB/s
4     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.04636     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 5521.644 MiB/s
5     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.04634     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 5524.862 MiB/s
6     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.04680     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 5470.202 MiB/s
7     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.04626     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 5533.460 MiB/s
8     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.04653     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 5501.590 MiB/s
9     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.04636     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 5522.002 MiB/s
AVG     Method: MCBLOCK     Elapsed: 0.04653     MiB: 256.00000     Copy: 5501.649 MiB/s


Finally I got one to one exchanged after I send the Kingston memory for service.

8GB=2GB+2GB+2GB+2GB 2x DUAL CHANNEL

hmc@hmc-P55A-UD3:~/.mozilla/plugins$ mbw 1024
Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*134217728 elements = 2147483648 bytes of memory.
Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test.
Getting down to business... Doing 10 runs per test.
0    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.27377    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 3740.366 MiB/s
1    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.27325    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 3747.525 MiB/s
2    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.27273    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 3754.588 MiB/s
3    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.27165    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 3769.626 MiB/s
4    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.27144    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 3772.417 MiB/s
5    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.27104    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 3778.096 MiB/s
6    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.27625    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 3706.760 MiB/s
7    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.27174    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 3768.280 MiB/s
8    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.27318    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 3748.485 MiB/s
9    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.27101    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 3778.486 MiB/s
AVG    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.27261    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 3756.345 MiB/s
0    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.16348    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 6263.725 MiB/s
1    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.16312    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 6277.779 MiB/s
2    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.16424    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 6234.892 MiB/s
3    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.16255    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 6299.716 MiB/s
4    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.16270    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 6293.599 MiB/s
5    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.16331    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 6270.284 MiB/s
6    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.16300    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 6282.170 MiB/s
7    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.16328    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 6271.397 MiB/s
8    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.16315    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 6276.240 MiB/s
9    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.16307    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 6279.666 MiB/s
AVG    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.16319    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 6274.902 MiB/s
0    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.19477    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 5257.375 MiB/s
1    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.19399    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 5278.623 MiB/s
2    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.19529    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 5243.404 MiB/s
3    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.19587    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 5228.064 MiB/s
4    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.19450    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 5264.781 MiB/s
5    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.19498    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 5251.767 MiB/s
6    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.19489    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 5254.219 MiB/s
7    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.19470    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 5259.238 MiB/s
8    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.19503    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 5250.367 MiB/s
9    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.19473    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 5258.617 MiB/s
AVG    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.19488    MiB: 1024.00000    Copy: 5254.615 MiB/s
hmc@hmc-P55A-UD3:~/.mozilla/plugins$ mbw 512
Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*67108864 elements = 1073741824 bytes of memory.
Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test.
Getting down to business... Doing 10 runs per test.
0    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.13452    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 3806.210 MiB/s
1    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.13578    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 3770.806 MiB/s
2    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.13605    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 3763.350 MiB/s
3    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.13528    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 3784.687 MiB/s
4    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.13592    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 3766.839 MiB/s
5    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.13602    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 3764.235 MiB/s
6    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.13369    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 3829.669 MiB/s
7    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.13598    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 3765.121 MiB/s
8    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.13901    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 3683.215 MiB/s
9    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.13823    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 3703.891 MiB/s
AVG    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.13605    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 3763.356 MiB/s
0    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.07980    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 6415.719 MiB/s
1    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.08045    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 6364.439 MiB/s
2    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.07975    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 6420.385 MiB/s
3    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.07991    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 6407.529 MiB/s
4    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.07915    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 6469.057 MiB/s
5    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.07941    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 6447.145 MiB/s
6    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.07919    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 6465.544 MiB/s
7    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.08044    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 6364.676 MiB/s
8    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.07933    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 6453.809 MiB/s
9    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.07942    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 6447.064 MiB/s
AVG    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.07968    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 6425.332 MiB/s
0    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.09705    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 5275.685 MiB/s
1    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.09741    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 5255.972 MiB/s
2    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.09755    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 5248.806 MiB/s
3    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.09784    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 5233.247 MiB/s
4    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.09781    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 5234.853 MiB/s
5    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.09760    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 5245.633 MiB/s
6    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.09735    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 5259.481 MiB/s
7    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.09764    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 5243.591 MiB/s
8    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.09764    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 5243.591 MiB/s
9    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.09803    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 5223.051 MiB/s
AVG    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.09759    MiB: 512.00000    Copy: 5246.353 MiB/s
hmc@hmc-P55A-UD3:~/.mozilla/plugins$ mbw 256
Long uses 8 bytes. Allocating 2*33554432 elements = 536870912 bytes of memory.
Using 262144 bytes as blocks for memcpy block copy test.
Getting down to business... Doing 10 runs per test.
0    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.06656    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 3846.443 MiB/s
1    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.06772    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 3780.439 MiB/s
2    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.06691    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 3825.806 MiB/s
3    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.06685    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 3829.240 MiB/s
4    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.06660    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 3843.613 MiB/s
5    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.06633    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 3859.549 MiB/s
6    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.06631    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 3860.946 MiB/s
7    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.06636    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 3857.920 MiB/s
8    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.06916    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 3701.776 MiB/s
9    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.06583    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 3888.864 MiB/s
AVG    Method: MEMCPY    Elapsed: 0.06686    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 3828.782 MiB/s
0    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.04020    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 6367.684 MiB/s
1    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.03981    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 6431.030 MiB/s
2    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.04032    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 6349.679 MiB/s
3    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.04047    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 6325.361 MiB/s
4    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.04054    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 6315.374 MiB/s
5    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.04039    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 6337.732 MiB/s
6    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.03991    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 6415.075 MiB/s
7    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.04110    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 6228.710 MiB/s
8    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.03991    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 6413.950 MiB/s
9    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.04009    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 6384.995 MiB/s
AVG    Method: DUMB    Elapsed: 0.04027    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 6356.442 MiB/s
0    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.04697    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 5450.752 MiB/s
1    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.04661    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 5492.501 MiB/s
2    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.04729    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 5413.063 MiB/s
3    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.04693    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 5455.165 MiB/s
4    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.04758    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 5380.073 MiB/s
5    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.04689    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 5460.052 MiB/s
6    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.04754    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 5385.052 MiB/s
7    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.04731    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 5410.889 MiB/s
8    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.04789    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 5345.137 MiB/s
9    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.04723    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 5420.628 MiB/s
AVG    Method: MCBLOCK    Elapsed: 0.04722    MiB: 256.00000    Copy: 5421.007 MiB/s


Conclusion

Comparing the 2GB+2GB , DUAL channel and non-dual  channel configurations,  we can it is about 50% faster for using dual channel setup.

set linux root password

具体方法：
1 重启。系统默认加载之前倒数5秒之前按方向键，当出现grub选择界面时，按“E”键
2 此时会进入grub编辑模式，选中kernel 那一行，再次按“e”
3 出现kernel引导命令的编辑界面，在末尾追加 "single"。注意，加single之前要加个空格。然后回车
4 按“b”，此时会引导你进入单用户模式,
5 当出现“sh-2.05#”时，就意味着已经进入单用户模式。现在，输入“passwd root”，就可以重新设置root密码了。
6 修改完成后，重启。正常进入系统即可


Ref:
http://www.itpub.net/thread-1752019-1-1.html

How To Install VMware Player In Ubuntu 12.04

http://bit.ly/Nx46wx

Nice article, used the same patch fixed my installation of vmplayer 4.0.4

linux fstab

commands learned which related to UUID and label are:

Display current label

sudo e2label /dev/sda1

 

To get a list of all the UUIDs, use one of the following two commands:

sudo blkid
ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid

More info can be found below.

AutomaticallyMountPartitions

Introduction to fstab

Understanding fstab 

Label a Linux Partition

 

 

 

7 Linux Grep OR, Grep AND, Grep NOT Operator Examples

7 Linux Grep OR, Grep AND, Grep NOT Operator Examples

Install Cygwin Xserver

Xserver Hummybird Exceed is funny, after launch it, I can't open multiple x-windows -- they overlap (the first window is right under 2nd one, thus can't interactive it) , e.g running dbua to upgrade multiple databases in parallel to save downtime.  Hence, I think of using Cygwin/X to avoid install x11, which is easy without any license issue.

1. Open Cygwin setup application, install X11 package with default choice.
2. Type "starxwin" to launch X server
3. In the terminal , type "xhost + " to allow all connections from any
computers. (This step is important)
4. In putty session, export DISPALY=< x-server ip:0 >
5. For testing purpose, test launch "xclock"

openssh missing cygcrypto-0.9.8.dll

cygcrypto-0.9.8.dll ?

my solution is to  go to http://www.cygwin.com/packages/ , find relative packages are libopenssl and libopenssl.

reinstall them, working now.

Convert DAA to ISO disk images in Linux

Convert DAA to ISO Disk Images in Linux | 64 Bit Jungle

dd

dd命令使用 - ITPUB个人空间- Powered By SupeSite

fuser

fuser 用法_幸福摩天轮_百度空间

Linux logging

Linux日志分析的实战专题 - 笔记 - ITPUB个人空间 - powered by X-Space

ctime, atime, mtime

修改文件时间与创建新文件：touch - 笔记

linux proc/cpuinfo

processor       : 0

vendor_id       : GenuineIntel

cpu family      : 15

model          : 6

model name     : Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.00GHz

stepping        : 5

cpu MHz        : 3143.295

cache size       : 0 KB

physical id       0

siblings         : 1

fdiv_bug        : no

hlt_bug         : no

f00f_bug        : no

coma_bug       : no

fpu             : yes

fpu_exception    : yes

cpuid level      : 6

wp             : yes

flags           : fpu vme pse tsc msr pae cx8 sep pge cmov acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2

bogomips       : 1674.44

rpm i386 i586 i686 之间的区别

有的rpm有分i386 i586 i686等 不同版本，如：
　　abc-1.2.3-4.i386.rpm
　　abc-1.2.3-4.i586.rpm
　　abc-1.2.3-4.i686.rpm
　　它们有什么不同呢？

　　这里的i386 i586 i686指的是适用于intel i386、 i586、i686 兼 容指令集的微处理器。一般来说，等级愈高的机器可接受较低等级的rpm文件。
i386—几乎所有的X86平台，不论是旧的pentum或 者是新的pentum-IV与K7系统CPU，都可以正常工作，i指得是Intel兼容的CPU，至于386就是CPU的等级。
i586—就是586等级的计算机， 包括pentum第一代MMX CPU，AMD的K5，K6系 统CPU（socket7插脚）等CPU都是这个等级。
i686—pentum 2 以后的Intel系统CPU及K7以后等级的CPU都属于这个686等级。
你可以透过/proc/cpuinfo这个档案查询你的CPU等级。

/proc/cpuinfo

This virtual file identifies the type of processor used by your system. The following is an example of the output typical of /proc/cpuinfo:

         processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 15 model : 2 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 2.40GHz stepping : 7 cpu MHz : 2392.371 cache size : 512 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 runqueue : 0 fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : no coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 2 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm bogomips : 4771.02 

·         processor — Provides each processor with an identifying number. On systems that have one processor, only a 0 is present.

·         cpu family — Austhoritatively identifies the type of processor in the system. For an Intel-based system, place the number in front of "86" to determine the value. This is particularly helpful for those attempting to identify the architecture of an older system such as a 586, 486, or 386. Because some RPM packages are compiled for each of these particular architectures, this value also helps users determine which packages to install.

·         model name — Displays the common name of the processor, including its project name.

·         cpu MHz — Shows the precise speed in megahertz for the processor to the thousandths decimal place.

·         cache size — Displays the amount of level 2 memory cache available to the processor.

·         siblings — Displays the number of sibling CPUs on the same physical CPU for architectures which use hyper-threading.

·         flags — Defines a number of different qualities about the processor, such as the presence of a floating point unit (FPU) and the ability to process MMX instructions.

Understanding /proc/cpuinfo

Example:

$ uname -r
2.6.18-8.el5

How many physical processors are there?

$ grep 'physical id' /proc/cpuinfo | sort | uniq | wc -l
2

How many virtual processors are there?

$ grep ^processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l
4

Are the processors dual-core (or multi-core)?

$ grep 'cpu cores' /proc/cpuinfo
cpu cores       : 2
cpu cores       : 2
cpu cores       : 2
cpu cores       : 2

"2" indicates the two physical processors are dual-core, resulting in 4 virtual processors.

If "1" was returned, the two physical processors are single-core. If the processors are single-core, and the number of virtual processors is greater than the number of physical processors, the CPUs are using hyper-threading. Hyper-threading is supported if ht is present in the CPU flags and you are using an SMP kernel.

Are the processors 64-bit?

A 64-bit processor will have lm ("long mode") in the flags section of cpuinfo. A 32-bit processor will not.

e.g.,

flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt lm 3dnowext 3dnow pni cx16 lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm cr8legacy ts fid vid ttp tm stc

What do the CPU flags mean?

The CPU flags are briefly described in the kernel header file cpufeature.h.

proc/cpuinfo 确定系统的CPU情况

一些操作系统的最新版本已经更新了 /proc/cpuinfo 文件，以支持多路平台。如果您的系统中的 /proc/cpuinfo 文件能够正确地反映出处理器信息，那么就不需要执行上述步骤。反之，可采用本文中的信息进行解释。
/proc/cpuinfo 文件包含系统上每个处理器的数据段落。/proc/cpuinfo 描述中有 6 个条目适用于多内核和超线程（HT）技术检查：processor, vendor id, physical id, siblings, core id 和 cpu cores。
processor 条目包括这一逻辑处理器的唯一标识符。
physical id 条目包括每个物理封装的唯一标识符。
core id 条目保存每个内核的唯一标识符。
siblings 条目列出了位于相同物理封装中的逻辑处理器的数量。
cpu cores 条目包含位于相同物理封装中的内核数量。
如果处理器为英特尔处理 器，则 vendor id 条目中的字符串是 GenuineIntel。
拥有相同 physical id 的所有逻辑处理器共享同一个物理插座。每个 physical id 代表一个唯一的物理封装。Siblings 表示位于这一物理封装上的逻辑处理器的数量。它们可能支持也可能不支持超线程（HT）技术。每个 core id 均代表一个唯一的处理器内核。所有带有相同 core id 的逻辑处理器均位于同一个处理器内核上。如果有一个以上逻辑处理器拥有相同的 core id 和 physical id，则说明系统支持超线程（HT）技术。如果有两个或两个以上的逻辑处理器拥有相同的 physical id，但是 core id 不同，则说明这是一个多内核处理器。cpu cores 条目也可以表示是否支持多内核。
例如，如果系统包含两个物理封装，每个封装中又包含两个支持超线程（HT）技术的处理器内核，则 /proc/cpuinfo 文件将包含此数据。（注：数据并不在表格中。）

processor	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
physical id	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1
core id	0	2	1	3	0	2	1	3
siblings	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
cpu cores	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2

此例说明逻辑处理器 0 和 4 驻留在物理封装 0 的内核 0 上。这就表示逻辑处理器 0 和 4 支持超线程（HT）技术。相同的工作可用于封装 0 内核 1 上的逻辑处理器 2 和 6，封装 1 内核 2 上的逻辑处理器 1 和 5，以及封装 1 内核 3 上的逻辑处理器 3 和 7。此系统支持超线程（HT）技术，因为两个逻辑处理器共享同一个内核。有两种方式可以确定是否支持多内核。由于内核 0 和 1 存在于封装 0 上，而内核 2 和 3 存在于封装 1 上，所以这是一个多内核系统。此外，cpu cores 条目为 2，也说明有两个内核驻留在物理封装中。这是一个多路系统，因为有两个封装。
值得注意的是 physical id 和 core id 的编号可能是也可能不是连续的。系统上有两个物理封装并不罕见，而且 physical id 等于 0 和 3
CPU ID
CPU ID是CPU生产厂家为识别不同类型的CPU，而为CPU制订的不同的单一的代码；不同厂家的CPU，其CPU ID定义也是不同的；如 “0F24”（Inter处理器）、“681H”（AMD处理器），根据这些数字代码即可判断CPU属于哪种类型，这就是一般意义上的CPU ID。
由 于计算机使用的是十六进制，因此CPU ID也是以十六进制表示的。Inter处理器的CPU ID一共包含四个数字，如“0F24”，从左至右分别表示 Type（类型）、Family（系列）、Mode（型号）和Stepping（步进编号）。从CPUID为“068X”的处理器开始，Inter另外增 加了Brand ID（品种标识）用来辅助应用程序识别CPU的类型，因此根据“068X”CPUID还不能正确判别Pentium和Celerom处理 器。必须配合Brand ID来进行细分。AMD处理器一般分为三位，如“681”，从左至右分别表示为Family（系列）、Mode（型号）和 Stepping（步进编号）。
Type（类型）
类型标识用来区别INTEL微处理器是用于由最终用户安装，还是由专业个人计算机系 统集成商、服务公司或制作商安装；数字“1”标识所测试的微处理器是用于由用户安装的；数字“0”标识所测试的微处理器是用于由专业个人计算机系统集成 商、服务公司或制作商安装的。我们通常使用的INTEL处理器类型标识都是“0”，“0F24”CPUID就属于这种类型。
Family（系列）
系 列标识可用来确定处理器属于那一代产品。如6系列的INTEL处理器包括Pentium Pro、Pentium II、 Pentium II Xeon、Pentium III和Pentium III Xeon处理器。5系列（第五代）包括Pentium处理器和采用 MMX技术的Pentium处理器。AMD的6系列实际指有K7系列CPU，有DURON和ATHION两大类。最新一代的 INTEL Pentium 4系列处理器（包括相同核心的Celerom处理器）的系列值为“F”
Mode（型号）
型号标识可用来 确定处理器的制作技术以及属于该系列的第几代设计（或核心），型号与系列通常是相互配合使用的，用于确定计算机所安装的处理器是属于某系列处理器的哪种特 定类型。如可确定Celerom处理器是Coppermine还是Tualutin核心；Athlon XP处理器是Paiomino还是 Thorouhgbred核心。
Stepping（步进编号）
步进编号用来标识处理器的设计或制作版本，有助于控制和跟踪处理器的更 改，步进还可以让最终用户更具体地识别其系统安装的处理器版本，确定微处理器的内部设计或制作特性。步进编号就好比处理器的小版本号，如CPUID为 “686”和“686A”就好比WINZIP8.0和8.1的关系。步进编号和核心步进是密切联系的。如CPUID为“686”的Pentium III 处理器是cCO核心，而“686A”表示的是更新版本cD0核心。
Brand ID（品种标识）
INTEL从Coppermine核心 的处理器开始引入Brand ID作为CPU的辅助识别手段。如我们通过Brand ID可以识别出处理器究竟是Celerom还是Pentium 4。